From Shame to SinWhen Rome was at its height, an emperor's male beloved, victim of an untimely death, would be worshipped around the empire as a god. In this same society, the routine sexual exploitation of poor and enslaved women was abetted by public institutions. Four centuries later, a Roman emperor commanded the mutilation of men caught in same sex affairs, even as he affirmed the moral dignity of women without any civic claim to honor. The gradual transformation