DescartesA critical biography of Ren Descartes, whose first principle ("I think therefore I am.") reshaped modern philosophy. Often called 'the father of modern philosophy', Ren Descartes' contributions to philosophy, mathematics, and natural science set the intellectual agenda for the seventeenth century. In this biography and assessment of his works, based on the most up to date research, Steven Nadler follows Descartes from his early years and education in