RubensThe first study devoted to classical arts vital creative impact on the work of the Flemish master Peter Paul Rubens. For the great Peter Paul Rubens (15771640), the classical past afforded lifelong creative stimulus and the camaraderie of humanist friends. A formidable scholar, Rubens ingeniously transmitted the physical ideals of ancient sculptors, visualized the spectacle of imperial occasions, rendered the intricacies of mythological tales, and