What is Islamophobia?As racist undercurrents in many western societies become manifestly entrenched, the prevalence of Islamophobia and the need to understand what perpetuates it has never been greater. Critiquing the arguments found in notionally left accounts and addressing the limitations of existing responses, What is Islamophobia? demonstrates that Islamophobia is not simply a product of abstract, or discursive, ideological processes, but of concrete social,